When will the jobs come back?

If there is one thing about the recession that has caused my heart to ache it’s the reduction in firefighter staffing in many communities. Some economists have argued that economic downturns can force businesses and governments to examine their operations and find more efficient ways to operate. On the surface that sounds good. We want our governments to operate efficiently and we want to be good stewards of the public dollar.

However, the budgets of many fire departments have been chiseled away over the past ten years and all the while these departments were taking steps to reduce expenses and improve their efficiencies. Stated another way, they have become mean and lean, finding creative ways to provide the most essential services with minimal staffing. There was no more proverbial blood in the turnip. So, when cities looked for the next round of cuts there was nothing left to cut except personnel.

Now we’re being told by the economists and the federal government that the recession is over. So what is to come of fire departments in a post-recession (recovery) period? Will the jobs come back? My prediction is they will not (at least not in the short term). I am not a pessimist and I so much want to see the jobs of my brothers and sisters restored.

In my travels I have kept tuned in to what local leaders have been saying, both publicly and privately. This is what I hear them saying… Fire departments have been over staffed and over funded for years and the recession gave elected and appointed leaders the opportunity (a good excuse) to cut out the “excess” with a good reason to propose reductions (the economy). Some of these elected and appointed officials give me the appearance they are actually smug and gloating in their successful attempts to reduce the size of the fire department.

Some fire department leaders have vocally opposed the reductions. Some leaders have resigned their positions or retired out of protest. Union leaders have stood their ground, but only with marginal success.

So when will the jobs come back? My prediction is the jobs will return very slowly, if at all. I also predict that it will take a crisis to reinstate firefighter (and for that matter police officer jobs). We all know this type of reaction is commonplace. There has to be an incident that results in serious injuries or fatalities. Then, and only then, do the elected and appointed officials begin to take grief from their constituents and the calls for action are heeded.

My concern is this: Firefighters are sworn protectors of humankind. Firefighters are wired for action. And unlike some elected and appointed leaders, firefighters will not play politics with the lives of residents. All of this spells the potential for the crisis previously mentioned to involve the lives of firefighters.

I am hopeful that firefighters and their command officers are having meaningful discussions about how the strategies and tactics should be adjusted based on cuts in staffing. I fear that firefighters will continue to fight fires the same way they always have and that is the recipe for a disastrous outcome.

To all my brothers and sisters I ask you that in these challenging times, if your department’s line staffing has been reduced, work smarter and discuss among your colleagues how to adjust your standard operating procedures. Remember that you mean the world to someone… act accordingly and take steps to ensure you safety.

Fire Chief (ret.) Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO, MICP
www.RichGasaway.com

Houston's 10 Rules of Survival

I read where the Houston Fire Department implemented ’10 Rules of Survival’ in the aftermath of multiple line of duty death incidents. I think they are on the right track, so long as these rules become institutionalized and are reinforced in an effort to change their culture.

The one thing that was noticeably absent from the list was the need to conduct a risk-benefit assessment prior to committing firefighters to an interior attack. Part of the risk assessment means evaluating if the fire has began to consume the structural components of the building (e.g., rafters, joints, beams, studs, etc.). It is also essential to assess the speed at which the incident is moving. To accomplish this, the officer/commander must look at the fire’s progress in the context of the passage of time. Under stress, you can lose your perception of the passage of time (temporal distortion is the term for it). Paying attention to the passage of time (even if it is just seconds or a few minutes) and looking at how fast the fire is progressing and how quickly the smoke is building and moving helps you understand the speed of the fire and whether or not your resources (firefighters and water) can get ahead of it. There is a limit as to how fast your firefighters and your water can move and if the fire is moving faster, your firefighters will be overrun but it. It’s a pretty simple concept, but one that is so often overlooked in the size-up phase of the fire.

The second part of the risk-benefit assessment is determining the benefit of engaging firefighters in an interior structural attack. Now, before the comments start flying about wimps and sissies, I will go on the record that I am a proponent of aggressive attack. However, it cannot be blind aggression. It must be a calculated attack – assessing what is to be gained from it. Is there a savable life inside? For those who may not know, skin begins to melt at 160 degrees. Crawling through a super-heated, zero-visibility environment with the objective being “search and rescue” is a misnomer. In this environment, it would be “search and recovery.” Even if you were able to extract the body before death occurred, third degree burns over 80% of the body are not injuries compatible with life and the victim will succumb to their burns.

To engage firefighters in the highest risk environments should be predicated on what benefit comes from that risk – and be realistic.We are firefighters. We are in a risky business. However, we should not be taking excessive risks to save unsavable lives and unsavable property. Nor should we be engaging in firefights when our resources (firefighters and water) are outmatched by the volume and speed of the fire.

Fire Chief (ret.) Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO, MICP
www.RichGasaway.com
RBG3100@aol.com

[Note: This was also posted on the Kitchen Table blog.]

Hyper Vigilent... it can save your life.

2009 Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week is June 14-20. The purpose of this week long event is to get fire and EMS personnel thinking... and talking... about safety. Don't take your safety for granted. More than 100 firefighters die in the line of duty each year. I bet not one of them thought it would happen to them, but it did. Today's buzz phrase... is hyper vigilent. To be hyper vigilent is to be extra perceptive of your surroundings and pay attention to the things that you might otherwise take for granted and overlook. When you go a long time without having an accident or a near-miss event you can became overly confident and complacent. Don't let that happen... become hyper vigilent.

Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO
website: http://www.richgasaway.com/
Another Blog: http://www.woppyjawed.blogspot.com/
E-mail: RBG3100@aol.com

The importance of scientific research

At the National Fire Protection Association Conference, I attended a presentation about a study that is being funded by the FIRE Act grant program and is focused on firefighter staffing levels. The preliminary findings were presented and, for the fire service people in the room, the results were a blinding flash of the obvious. A firefighting crew of three can accomplish more than a crew of two; a crew of four can accomplish more than a crew of three; and, you guessed it - a crew of five can accomplish more than a crew of four. Now why (you might be thinking) would we use FIRE Act grant money to fund research that tells us what we already know?

Studies like these are absolutely essential research. They're not designed to convince firefighters and fire chiefs that staffing levels impact quality of service. These studies are designed to prove to elected officials, who for the most part, do not understand or appreciate how important it is to get tasks accomplished quickly and safely at emergency scenes. Studies like these provide the evidence to back up the statements made by fire service leaders... so it's FACT and not OPINION.

Hat's off to the researchers and the sponsoring agencies, which includes the International Association of Fire Chiefs, International Association of Firefighters, National Institute of Standards & Technology, National Fire Protection Association, the United States Fire Administration and more.

Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO
www.RichGasaway.com

Much to be thankful for

As we all know, the type of work we do does not take a holiday during the holidays. In fact, many fire and EMS services are often busier because of the stress and anxiety people have in their lives. In our profession we see the best and the worst of humanity and the Christmas holidays often put us in a position to see some pretty bad things.

Please take time to reflect on how good your life is and how fortunate you are to have been called this this vocation. No everyone can do what you do. That is why firefighters, paramedics, EMTs, police officers and all who provide public safety are so revered. Under the worst conditions, when everyone else would turn away, you rush in to help. It's your nature... its your duty... it's your calling.

During this holiday season, pause, give thanks to God for all your blessings, and thank those around you for standing by you in the good times and the bad times. Your support system (family and friends) is so incredibly important. Don't forget to let them know that. Merry Christmas to you all... and to all a good and fire safe night.

Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO
www.RichGasaway.com

Automatic aid can improve firefighter safety

I am hearing more and more about fire departments entering into mutual aid and automatic aid agreements. There are many reasons why this makes good sense. The first and most important reason I can think of is improved firefighter safety. If additional resources are dispatched from a neighboring department at the same time your department is dispatched then it stands to reasons the delay in their arrival will be reduced significantly. This can improve firefighter safety. By increasing the number of firefighters on the scene, the stress and strain on everyone is reduced. Simply stated there are more people to share the workload. An automatic aid department can also serve as your rapid intervention team/crew.

Depending in the size of your community and the proximity of the neighboring department's station(s), there is a risk the neighboring department could arrive at the fire before your department does. Short of bruising the ego of your firefighters, I struggle to see the downside of having the closest and quickest fire department arrive first.

The mission of all fire department is to reduce the loss of life and property while ensuring the safety of the firefighters. Automatic aid will help you achieve your mission.

Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO
www.RichGasaway.com

Firefighter Safety

A while back I had an opportunity to do a ride-along with a large metropolitan fire department. I don't get the chance to do that very often so it was a real treat for me. As I was sitting around the dinner table with the crew, they were complaining about the city's lack of concern for their safety, citing example after example of where the city had denied purchases of equipment and gear that would make their jobs safer. It all seemed legitimate.

Then we got dispatched for a call and I got to watch, as they bolted to the trucks, donned their gear, mounted the rigs, and sped off to the emergency... and not one of them wore their seat belts. If you're going to complain about your city's lack of concern for your safety, don't be a hypocrite by failing to take the steps to ensure your own safety by wearing your seat belt. The quickest way to lose your credibility is to complain about what someone else is doing, only to do the same thing yourself. Wear your seat belts! It's the easiest thing you can do to improve your safety.

Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO
http://www.richgasaway.com/

Lightweight Truss Construction

While this blog is dedicated to improving fire and emergency services leadership, I want to take some editorial privilege to discuss a fire we had in Roseville yesterday at a four-unit apartment complex (a "quadplex" in the size-up given by Neil Sjostrom). The two-story building had heavy smoke emitting from the front door and a basement egress window. The attack crew was at the front door reporting hot, zero visibility conditions. Assistant Chief Tim O'Neill (Operations reported an all-clear on the unit from information provided by civilians, bu there was a dog inside. I ordered a defensive attack strategy... on a building where only one unit out of four is burning and the fire was spreading quickly. The crew used a thermal imager to assess heat conditions and try to locate the fire. There was high heat in the basement and on the first floor, consistent with the hot, angry, brown smoke that I was observing. They broke out the living room window and flowed some water into the structure. Bingo! The bulk of the fire was knocked down. Positive pressure ventilation was started which improved visibility and the crew entered to find a portion of the living room floor burned away. If they would have entered with high heat and zero visibility, they would have fell through into the basement... and we all know from the NIOSH reports how those usually turn out. I commend the discipline and experience of this crew led by shift commander David Brosnahan to know when NOT to enter. It saved their lives. When the fire was out, we went in to observe lightweight truss construction in the flooring (2x2s with particle board between them). In the end, one unit suffered heavy damage and the other three were completely spared... and we all returned safety to the firehouse! Amen.

Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, EFO, CFO
www.RichGasaway.com

Dr. Gasaway Recipient of International Research Award

Dr. Gasaway Research on Situation Awareness Wins International Research Award

Roseville (MN) Fire Chief Richard B. Gasaway, PhD, was selected as the recipient of the prestigious FIRE/W. L. Gore Research Excellence Award at the 2008 Fire Related Research & Developments Conference held November 12-13 at the British Fire Service College in Moreton In Marsh, Gloucestershire, England.

The award was based on conference organizers evaluations of 32 research presentation submissions on topics related to fire and emergency services. Gasaway’s research paper and presentation were titled Fireground Command Decision Making: Understanding the Barriers Challenging Commander Situation Awareness. The presentation was based on scientific research Gasaway conducted to help improve the safety of firefighters operating at the scenes of emergencies.

“In light of the exceptional group of talented researchers who presented at this year’s conference, I am incredibly honored to have been selected for this award,” Dr. Gasaway stated. “An award of this stature serves as a vindication that my research has value20to firefighters in America and around the world. Thank you to the Fire Journal and W. L. Gore for their sponsorship and to the panel who selected my work for this recognition.”

Dr. Gasaway is a Firehouse.com contributor and host of The Leader’s Toolbox podcast program. Gasaway is considered to be one of the nation9 9s leading fire service authorities on the topic of fireground situation awareness and fireground command decision making under stress. This research has been adapted into a national firefighter safety program called Fifty Ways to Kill Your Brother©. The research has also been published in a book that is available on his website, http://www.richgasaway.com/. If you would like more information about his research endeavors or to inquire about a program presentation, you can reach Dr. Gasaway at RBG3100@aol.com.